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What is fiber optic for?



Optical fiber is ideal for cable telecommunications, allowing the establishment of local and long-range computer networks, with a minimum of loss of information along the way.

Its applications are diverse in this field, allowing the obtaining of network material, fiber optic sensors (for temperature, pressure or light levels), lighting material (particularly effective since it does not require proximity to the light source), and being also useful for decoration (there are Christmas trees made of fiber optics) or as a component of translucent concrete.

How does fiber optic work?
The principle of operation of the optical fiber is that of Snell's Law, which allows calculating the angle of refraction of light when passing from one medium to another with a different index of refraction.

Thus, within the fiber, the light beams are trapped and propagating in the core, given the physical properties of the coating and the appropriate reflection angle, transporting the information sent to the destination. In the latter, it operates similarly to the telegraph.

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Fiber optic characteristics
The optical fiber used today is composed of a plastic or glass core (silicon oxide and germanium) that has a high refractive index, covered with a similar plastic, but with a lower refractive index.

Thus, according to the mechanism of propagation of light inside, the optical fiber can be of two types:

Single-mode fiber . It allows the propagation of a single light mode, through the reduction of the diameter of the fiber core, allowing to send information over long distances and at a good transfer rate.
Multimode fiber . It allows light beams to propagate in more than one way (more than a thousand different modes), which increases the margin of error and makes it not highly recommended for very long distance connections.

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